NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore (62) and Sunny Williams (59) have safely returned to Earth after spending nine months aboard the International Space Station (ISS). While their return marks a successful mission, experts warn that extended time in space can have serious effects on the human body.
Immediate Challenges Upon Landing
As soon as Wilmore and Williams exited the SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule, medical teams placed them on stretchers. This standard procedure helps astronauts readjust to Earth’s gravity, as their muscles weaken significantly in microgravity. Even with daily two-hour workouts in space, the lack of resistance takes a toll.
Studies show that astronauts lose bone density over time, and those aged 30 to 50 can experience a 50% loss in strength after six months in orbit. Full recovery can take around six weeks.
Health Struggles During the Mission
Astronauts often lose their appetite in space due to sinus pressure and nausea. Reports suggest that Williams struggled with weight maintenance, though she later denied significant weight loss. A NASA source claimed that high-calorie food essential for space missions became difficult for her to consume.
Another challenge is fluid redistribution. In zero gravity, over 5.6 liters of water shifts from the lower to the upper body. This explains why astronauts’ faces appear puffy, while their legs look thinner and weaker. These symptoms usually fade within three days of returning to Earth.
Long-Term Effects of Spaceflight
Beyond immediate physical changes, astronauts may face vision impairment due to increased pressure in their heads. Some also report cognitive decline, which scientists link to altered blood circulation. NASA notes that prolonged space exposure reduces blood volume, affecting heart function.
Radiation exposure poses another risk. Cosmic rays can damage DNA, increasing the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Doctors recommend that Williams and Wilmore undergo frequent medical checkups to monitor their long-term health.
Skin Damage and Recovery Process
A six-month stay in space can also thin the epidermis by nearly 20%, making astronauts more prone to itching and irritation. NASA enforces a 45-day rehabilitation program upon return, including physical therapy, cardio workouts, and balance training. Astronauts exercise two hours a day, seven days a week to regain strength.
Full recovery can take months, and in some cases, permanent effects—such as bone loss—may remain. As space agencies push for longer missions, understanding and mitigating these health risks remains a top priority for NASA.
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