The bird flu virus has been spreading among wild birds, poultry, and some mammals. Scientists at France’s Institut Pasteur warn it could trigger a pandemic worse than COVID-19 if it mutates to spread easily between humans. Human infections are still rare, but the virus’s ability to adapt to mammals is concerning.
Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti, director of the institute’s respiratory infections center, said, “Our main worry is the virus evolving in mammals, especially humans. If it can spread from person to person, it would be a pandemic virus.”
No Immunity Against H5 Strains
Humans currently have no antibodies against H5 bird flu viruses. Everyone, including healthy adults and children, could be vulnerable. “A bird flu pandemic could be extremely serious,” Rameix-Welti said. “It could even surpass the severity of COVID-19. Unlike COVID, it can affect healthy people too.”
Human Cases Are Rare but Serious
Infections in humans remain uncommon but can be deadly. A recent first-ever human case of H5N5 in Washington state resulted in a death. Between 2003 and 2025, the WHO reported nearly 1,000 human outbreaks, mainly in Egypt, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Around 48% of those cases were fatal.
Current Pandemic Risk Remains Low
Experts stress that the risk of a global pandemic is low. Gregorio Torres, head of the Science Department at the World Organisation for Animal Health, said, “People can still safely enjoy outdoor activities and eat poultry. The possibility of a pandemic exists, but the probability is low right now.”
Preparedness and Preventive Measures
The world is better prepared than during COVID-19, according to Rameix-Welti. Vaccine candidates exist, antiviral stocks are ready, and production can scale quickly if needed. “We have tools to prevent and respond to an outbreak. This gives us an advantage over past pandemics,” she said.
Ongoing monitoring of birds and mammals, rapid detection systems, and global cooperation are key. Experts stress vigilance, early response, and public awareness to keep the virus in check. While the situation is not critical yet, these measures are crucial.
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